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Medical imaging is the basis of effective medical diagnosis and is now the mainstream of a dynamically developing branch of science, which is biomedical engineering. Its development started after an accidental discovery of Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, a professor of physics, who in 1895 observed little fluorescence during his research on electrical discharges and cathode rays. X-radiation turned out to be a fundamental discovery which is still used in medicine today.
Introduction to medical imaging Physics engineering and clinical applications rar
Abstract:Over the past several years, there have been major advances in cardiovascular positron emission tomography (PET) in combination with either computed tomography (CT) or, more recently, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). These multi-modality approaches have significant potential to leverage the strengths of each modality to improve the characterization of a variety of cardiovascular diseases and to predict clinical outcomes. This review will discuss current developments and potential future uses of PET/CT and PET/CMR for cardiovascular applications, which promise to add significant incremental benefits to the data provided by each modality alone.Keywords: positron emission tomography; cardiovascular magnetic resonance; computed tomography; PET/CT; PET/CMR; myocardial; molecular imaging
Hyperspectral and multi spectral imaging are well established systems used for remote sensing, satellites imaging, agriculture, physics and military applications. Recent years, these systems grasped attention of researchers in the field of biomedical imaging, especially where the standard imaging techniques fail to provide the desired outcomes[1]. Hyperspectral sensor captures the spectral information of an entire field of view for each band (or wavelength) storing the collected information as a data cube which contains spatial information for each wavelength or band, depending on the characteristics of the system used[2]. Hence, high spectral resolution will provide the ability to analyze data on wavelength or sub-wavelength scale. Furthermore, it also provides the ability to see beyond the visible range in order to acquire more information about the scene. For the case of skin and veins detection, hyper spectral venous imaging allows to look deeper below the skin in near infrared (NIR) range to find the best wavelength range for better contrast between skin and veins. This paper presents the analysis of hyperspectral data for the pre-selection of wavelength ranges suitable for the illumination in the process of veins localization.
Section 1: Physics 1:The MR Scanner in a nutshell, Sebastian Kozerke, Redha Boubertakh, and Marc Miquel 2:Basic MR Physics, Sebastian Kozerke, Redha Boubertakh, and Marc Miquel 3:Spatial encoding and image reconstruction, Sebastian Kozerke, Redha Boubertakh, and Marc Miquel 4:Scan acceleration, Sebastian Kozerke, Redha Boubertakh, and Marc Miquel 5:Basic pulse sequences, Sebastian Kozerke, Redha Boubertakh, and Marc Miquel 6:Motion compensation, Sebastian Kozerke, Redha Boubertakh, and Marc Miquel 7:Motion angiography, Sebastian Kozerke, Redha Boubertakh, and Marc Miquel 8:Cardiac MRI applications, Sebastian Kozerke, Redha Boubertakh, and Marc Miquel 9:Image quality and artefacts, Sebastian Kozerke, Redha Boubertakh, and Marc Miquel Section 2: Saftey/setup/device 1:MRI set-up, Roger Luechinger and Torsten Sommer 2:MRI Contrast agents, J. Paul Finn and Kim-Lien Nguyen 3:MRI Interactions with medical devices, Giovanni Calcagnini, Federica Censi, and Eugenio Mattei Section 3: Methodology 1:Morphology, A John Baksi, Milind Y Desai, and Raad H Mohiaddin 2:Global and regional cardiac function, Alistair A Young and Alicia Maceira 3:Dynamic contrast enhanced perfusion, Eike Nagel, Juerg Schwitter, and Andrew Arai 4:Early and late gadolinium enhancement, Joseph Selvanayagam and Gaetano Nucifora 5:Mapping techniques, Vanessa Ferreira and Daniel Messroghli 6:Blood Flow and Phrase Contrast CMR, Michael Markl and Walter RT Witschey 7:Coronary imaging, Claudia Prieto, René Botnar, Hajime Sakuma, Masaki Ishida, and Marcus R Makowski Section 4: Ischemic heart disease 1:Chronic ischemic heart disease, Bernhard L Gerber, Holger Thiele, Mouaz H Al-Mallah, Joao AC Lima, and Mohammad R Ostovaneh 2:Acute ischemic heart disease, Nuno Bettencourt, Michael Salerno, and Erica Dall'Armellina Section 5: Myocardial Disease 1:Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, Carmen Chen and Martin S Maron 2:Dilated cardiomyopathy, Pier Giorgio Masci, Viviana Maestrini, and Deborah Kwon 3:Takotsubo Syndrome, Ingo Eitel, Albert Van Rossum, Thomas Stiermaier, and Holger Thiele 4:Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy, Frank I Marcus, Martina Perazzolo Marra, Harikrishna Tandri, Aiden Abidov, and Cristina Basso 5:Non-compaction Cardiomyopathy, Steffen Petersen, Ana G Almeida, and Yuchi Han 6:Myocarditis, Matthias G Friedrich, Vanessa M Ferreira, Juliano de Lara Fernandes, and Cristina Basso 7:Chagas' Cardiomyopathy, Carlos Eduardo Rochitte and Otávio Rizzi Coelho Filho 8:Transplant Cardiomyopathy, Matthias Schmitt, W Gregory Hundley, Jennifer H Jordan, Christopher A Miller, and Annalisa Angelini 9:Cardiac Involvement in Oncologic patients, Matthias Schmitt, W Gregory Hundley, Jennifer H Jordan, Christopher A Miller, and Annalisa Angelini 10:Cardiac involvement in systemic diseases and secondary cardiomyopathies, Amit Patel, Tomasz Miszalski-Jamka, Silvia Mavrogeni, and Jeanette Schulz-Menger 11:Infiltrative cardiomyopathy, James Moon, Milind Y Desai and Marianna Fontana 12:Myocardial Iron Overload, Dudley J Pennell, John P Carpenter and John C Wood 13:Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in cardiac resynchronisation therapy, Francisco Leyva and Charlotte Manisty 14:Athlete's heart and prevention of sudden cardiac death in athletes, Jürgen Scharhag, Katherine C Wu, Philipp Bohm and Cristina Basso Section 6: Pericardium 1:Pericardial Disease, Deborah Kwon, Helen She, Herbert Frank, and Teresa Sykora Section 7: Vascular 1:CMR of Vascular Disease, Raad Mohiaddin, Francisco Alpendurada, and Christoph Nienaber Section 8: Valves 1:Valve Disease, Joao Cavalvante, Florian von Knobelsdorff, and Saul Myerson Section 9: Masses and Tumors 1:Epidemiology and classification, Cristina Basso, Peter T Buser, Stefania Rizzo, Massimo Lombardi, and Gaetano Thiene 2:CMR approach in cardiac tumours, Cristina Basso, Peter T Buser, Stefania Rizzo, Massimo Lombardi, and Gaetano Thiene 3:Benign cardiac tumours, Cristina Basso, Peter T Buser, Stefania Rizzo, Massimo Lombardi, and Gaetano Thiene 4:Malignant tumours, Cristina Basso, Peter T Buser, Stefania Rizzo, Massimo Lombardi, and Gaetano Thiene 5:Metastatic tumours, Cristina Basso, Peter T Buser, Stefania Rizzo, Massimo Lombardi, and Gaetano Thiene 6:Pericardial tumours, Cristina Basso, Peter T Buser, Stefania Rizzo, Massimo Lombardi, and Gaetano Thiene 7:Cardiac thrombi, Cristina Basso, Peter T Buser, Stefania Rizzo, Massimo Lombardi, and Gaetano Thiene Section 10: Congenital heart disease and adult congenital heart disease 1:Introduction, Emanuela R Valsangiacomo Buechel and Vivek Muthurangu 2:Segmental approach to congenital heart disease, Gaetano Thiene and Carla Frescura 3:Adapting CMR sequences for CHD and imaging small patients, Vivek Muthurangu 4:Novel CMR techniques for advanced surgical planning, Mark A Fogel 5:Assessing shunts, Lars Grosse Wortmann 6:The pulmonary circulation. Assessing pulmonary arteries and veins, Lars Grosse Wortmann and Deane Yim 7:Ebstein malformation of the tricuspid valve, Sonya V Babu-Narayan 8:Congenital aortic disease, Vivek Muthurangu and Francesca R Pluchinotta 9:Transposition of the great arteries, Sonya V Babu-Narayan 10:Tetralogy of Fallot and its variances, Andrew J Powell 11:Double outlet right ventricle, Shi-Joon Yoo and Willem A Helbing 12:The single ventricle and surgical palliation, Willem A Helbing Section 11: Extracardiac findings 1:Extracardiac Findings, Jonathan Carl Luis Rodrigues, Francesco Secchi, Massimo Lombardi, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, and Francesca Pugliese Section 12: CMR in the multimodality environment - status and perspectives 1:CMR in multimodality environment, Frank Rademakers, Massimo Lombardi, and Christopher Kramer Section 13: Future perspectives 1:Introduction: General considerations on the future of CMR, Stefan Neubauer 2:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Damian Tyler 3:7 T cardiac imaging, Matthew Robson 4:Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging, David Sosnovik 5:4D Flow CMR, Malenka Bissell 6:Molecular and cellular imaging in cardiovascular disease, David Sosnovik 7:Interventional CMR, Robert Lederman 8:Final Conclusion, Stefan Neubauer and Victor Ferrari
Professor Emanuela Valsangiacomo Buechel received her medical degree from the University of Zurich in Switzerland. She trained in Pediatric Cardiology in Zurich (University Childrens Hospital) and Toronto (Hospital for Sick Children), where she further specialized in Cardiac Imaging, especially Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR). Since 2002 Professor Valsangiacomo is senior consultant in Pediatric Cardiology at the University Childrens Hospital and lecturer at the University of Zurich. She is head of Cardiac Imaging and leading the CMR and the fetal cardiology programs. Professor Valsangiacomo has a strong clinical background; her research is mainly focused on different clinical applications of CMR. In 2006 she obtained her venia legendi at the University of Zurich with a thesis on the use of CMR in congenital heart disease, and since 2013 she is adjunct Professor for Pediatrics and Pediatric Cardiology. 2ff7e9595c